12012 fundamental mechanisms behind nanotechnology applications in oil and gas: Emerging nano-EOR processes

As the important role of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in meeting world’s energy requirement is growing, use nanoparticles lieu of, or combination with, existing EOR agents to expand EOR’s applicable range receiving significant attention. Two most actively investigated applications are: 1) wettability alteration by addition into waterflood injection water, and 2) nanoparticle-stabilized Pickering foams emulsions mainly for process mobility control. comprehensive reviews are recently available on these topics, two other emerging nanoparticle critically reviewed here: polymer flooding, magnetic displacement Three five proposed mechanisms reviewed, respectively. The recent progresses covered, challenges possible future works discussed.